American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) Eye Exams for the Biewer Terrier*

Understanding the Importance of Ocular Health Screenings

Introduction

Maintaining healthy vision is an important part of preserving the long-term health and well-being of the Biewer Terrier. While the breed is generally considered healthy, hereditary eye diseases can occur in dogs of any breed. An eye examination performed by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist through the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) provides an objective screening for inherited and non-inherited ocular conditions.

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), in partnership with the ACVO, administers the ACVO CAER (Companion Animal Eye Registry) program. With the owner’s consent, results from these examinations are submitted to the OFA database, becoming part of a dog’s permanent health record. In addition, results contribute to a dog’s Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) certification. A dog will receive CHIC certification once all breed-specific requirements are met.

Why ACVO Eye Exam Screening Matters

The purpose of an ACVO CAER examination is to identify observable ocular abnormalities before affected dogs are used in breeding programs and to establish a record of ocular health over time. Some hereditary eye diseases may not be present during puppyhood and can develop later in life. Annual examinations are recommended for dogs actively participating in breeding programs.

An ACVO examination may detect conditions affecting the:

  • Retina
  • Lens
  • Cornea
  • Eyelids
  • Iris
  • Optic nerve
  • Other structures of the eye

Understanding CHIC Certification

The Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) is a cooperative program administered by the OFA in partnership with participating parent breed clubs. Each participating breed establishes recommended health screenings, prior to breeding, based on current knowledge of breed-specific health concerns.

According to the current Biewer Terrier Club of America (BTCA) Health Statement, the recommended CHIC screening protocol includes an ACVO eye examination at a minimum of one (1) year of age (before breeding). Additional exams are recommended at three (3) and six (6) years of age. However, examinations must be completed and submitted annually to maintain an up-to-date CHIC certification.

It is important to understand that:

  • A CHIC number indicates that all required breed-specific screenings have been completed and made publicly available.
  • A CHIC number does not indicate that every test result is normal.
  • Public reporting of results allows breeders, veterinarians, researchers, and puppy buyers access to important health information that supports informed decision-making.

How the Evaluation Is Performed

An ACVO CAER examination is performed only by an ACVO board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist.

During the appointment:

  • The dog’s identifying information is verified.
  • Dilating eye drops are placed into both eyes.
  • Approximately 30–40 minutes later, the ophthalmologist performs a detailed examination using specialized equipment, including:
    • Slit lamp biomicroscopy
    • Indirect ophthalmoscopy
  • Findings are recorded on an official ACVO/OFA examination form.
  • With the owner’s authorization, results may be submitted to the OFA database.

The examination is a screening evaluation and is generally well tolerated without sedation. It is designed to identify observable ocular abnormalities but is not intended to replace a comprehensive diagnostic ophthalmic examination when a dog has clinical eye problems.

Breeding Considerations:

Although a normal examination cannot guarantee that a dog will never develop an inherited or acquired eye disease, it provides valuable information about the dog’s ocular health at the time of examination and supports informed breeding and healthcare decisions.

Important Disclaimers

  • An ACVO CAER examination reflects the dog’s ocular health on the date of the examination only.
  • Some inherited eye diseases develop later in life; therefore, annual re-examinations are recommended for dogs actively participating in breeding programs.
  • A normal examination does not eliminate the possibility that a dog may develop eye disease in the future.
  • Health screening is one component of responsible breeding and should be considered alongside pedigree analysis, genetic testing, temperament, structure, and veterinary care.
  • Owners should consult their veterinarian or veterinary ophthalmologist regarding any concerns about their dog’s vision or ocular health.

Conclusion

The ACVO CAER eye examination is an important component of the Biewer Terrier’s recommended health screening protocol. By participating in regular eye examinations and recording results with the OFA, owners and breeders contribute to greater transparency, ongoing research, and the long-term health of the breed.

Whether a dog is intended for breeding, performance events, or simply as a cherished companion, routine ocular health evaluations help establish a baseline of eye health and may allow certain conditions to be detected earlier.

*This educational handout compiles public veterinary literature and does not represent original research, official policy, or guidance from the Biewer Terrier Club of America (BTCA). This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice. Owners of dogs showing new or unusual symptoms should consult a licensed veterinarian immediately. The BTCA Health Committee encourages members to consult qualified veterinary professionals for all canine health decisions.

Educational Resources & Further Information