Patellar Luxation Screening in Biewer Terriers: Why OFA and CHIC Testing Matter*
Educational Information for Biewer Terrier Owners
Introduction
Patellar luxation evaluation is an important health screening recommended for Biewer Terriers prior to breeding. The examination helps determine whether a dog’s kneecaps (patellae) are stable and provides breeders with objective information when making breeding decisions. The Biewer Terrier Club of America (BTCA) recommends patellar evaluation and registration of results through the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA).
Why Patellar Luxation Screening Matters
Patellar luxation occurs when the kneecap moves out of its normal position within the stifle joint. In toy breeds such as the Biewer Terrier, the condition can range from mild instability to more significant cases that may affect movement, comfort, and long-term joint health. Screening provides valuable information about a dog’s orthopedic status and supports informed breeding decisions.
Understanding CHIC Certification
The Canine Health Information Center (CHIC), administered by OFA, promotes breed-specific health testing and public reporting of results. Dogs that complete all recommended breed screenings receive a CHIC number regardless of whether individual results are normal or abnormal. The program emphasizes transparency and the collection of meaningful health data to benefit the breed.
How the Evaluation Is Performed
Patellar evaluations are typically performed by a licensed veterinarian through a hands-on orthopedic examination. The veterinarian assesses whether the patella remains stable within the groove of the knee joint or can be displaced. Results are recorded as normal or graded according to the degree of luxation and may be submitted to OFA for certification.
Breeding Considerations
A normal result indicates that the patellae are stable at the time of examination, while an abnormal result indicates some degree of luxation. According to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), the minimum age for an official patellar evaluation is 12 months. Because patellar status can change over time, evaluation results should be interpreted in the context of the dog’s overall health, physical structure, temperament, other relevant clinical findings, and ongoing health monitoring when making breeding decisions.
Important Disclaimer
Patellar luxation is considered a complex condition influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. An OFA-certified normal patellar evaluation does not guarantee that a dog will never develop patellar luxation or that its offspring will be unaffected. Likewise, the presence of patellar luxation in a dog does not guarantee that the condition will be inherited by future generations. Health screening results should be viewed as one valuable tool among many when making informed breeding decisions.
Conclusion
Patellar luxation evaluation is a fundamental component of responsible health screening in Biewer Terriers. Participation in OFA and CHIC programs provides breeders with objective information, contributes valuable data to the breed’s health record, and supports informed decisions that promote the long-term health and well-being of the breed.
*This educational handout compiles public veterinary literature and does not represent original research, official policy, or guidance from the Biewer Terrier Club of America (BTCA). This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice. Owners of dogs showing new or unusual symptoms should consult a licensed veterinarian immediately. The BTCA Health Committee encourages members to consult qualified veterinary professionals for all canine health decisions.
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